Trajectory of adherence to home rehabilitation among older adults with hip fractures and cognitive impairment

This study aimed to identify different trajectories of adherence to home rehabilitation for older adults with hip fracture and cognitive impairment, to examine associations between different adherence trajectories and postoperative recovery outcomes, and to explore the predictors of adherence trajectories. Group-based trajectory modeling showed two adherence trajectories: low (39.06%) and high (60.94%) adherence. The high adherence group had better activities of daily living (β=11.77, p<.001), instrumental activities of daily living (β=0.56, p<.01), femoral muscular strength (β=3.35, p<.01) on the fractured side and quality of life (β=-0.81, p=.02) than the low adherence group. Participants who established exercise habits (OR=6.49, p<.01) and consulted a physical therapist (OR=4.29, p=.03) during hospitalization were more likely to be in the high adherence group.     

The use of weighted blankets as a novel approach for treatment of persistent vocalizations in late stage dementia

This study explored the use of weighted blankets as a non-pharmacological treatment for persistent vocalizations in late stage dementia. A weighted blanket was applied to three individuals with a diagnosis of dementia who had frequent and intense persistent vocalizations which were not responsive to other treatment modalities and necessitated in-patient hospitalization within a specialized behavioural unit. The evaluation found a non-statistically significant reduction in the duration of persistent vocalizations during the ten-minute application of the weighted blanket and a statistically significant reduction in the duration of persistent vocalizations during the ten minutes following the application of the weighted blanket. The use of weighted blankets may therefore be a promising non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of persistent vocalizations in late stage dementia.     

Elevated NT-ProBNP as a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Equivalent: Evidence from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

BackgroundIt remains unclear whether elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) can serve as a “risk equivalent” for cardiovascular disease to adults at high cardiovascular risk.MethodsWe included 9789 participants (mean age 63.2 years, 55% women, 19.4% Black, 13% with a history of cardiovascular disease) who attended Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Visit 4 (1996-1998). We classified participants as having a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline and, among those without cardiovascular disease, we defined categories of NT-proBNP (<125, 125-449, ≥450 pg/mL). We used Cox regression to estimate associations of NT-proBNP with incident cardiovascular disease and mortality.ResultsOver a median 20.5 years of follow-up, there were 4562 deaths (917 cardiovascular deaths). There were 2817 first events and 806 recurrent events (in those with a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline). Among individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease, those adults with NT-proBNP ≥450 pg/mL had significantly higher risks of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78-2.53), cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.92; 95% CI, 2.15-3.97), incident total cardiovascular disease (HR 2.59; 95% CI, 2.13-3.16), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (HR 2.20; 95% CI, 1.72-2.80), and heart failure (HR 3.81; 95% CI, 3.01-4.81), compared with individuals with NT-proBNP <125 pg/mL. The elevated cardiovascular risk in persons with high NT-proBNP and no history of cardiovascular disease was similar to, or higher than, the risk conferred by a history of cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that it might be appropriate to manage adults with NT-proBNP ≥450 pg/mL as if they had a history of clinical cardiovascular disease.     

Severe chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection associated with multiple necrotic lesions in the liver

We report an atypical presentation of a chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection with multiple nodular coagulation necrosis in the liver, that appeared as hypodense areas on a CT scan. The patient, a 26-year-old man, was hospitalized following over 2 years of intermittent fever, weight loss and liver abnormalities after contracting infectious mononucleosis. We diagnosed his illness as a chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) because of the high antibody titers against EBV and the histological evidence of organ disease with demonstration of EBV mRNA. A liver biopsy revealed EBV-infected T-cell infiltration with hemophagocytosis and marked hepatocytolytic necrosis. The patient developed multiple coagulation necrosis with well-defined borders surrounding T-cell aggregation in the liver 8 months later. He died of respiratory failure due to interstitial pneumonitis. The analysis of EBV-genome termini demonstrated a clonal proliferation of T-cells harboring EBV, but no T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement was observed. We speculate that the pathogenesis of this disease was an atypical expression of organ damage as a result of an aberrant T-cell response to EBV infection.     

2013年中国人群血压升高对死亡和期望寿命的影响

目的 评估2013年中国不同地区、性别人群血压升高造成的死亡和期望寿命损失情况。方法 用2013年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测数据和2013年人口死亡信息登记管理系统中死因监测数据,根据比较风险评估理论,计算分性别、城乡、东中西部地区人群血压升高的人群归因分值（PAF）,进而估计血压升高造成的死亡和期望寿命损失。结果 2013年中国≥ 25岁人群SBP平均为（129.48±20.27）mmHg,血压升高[SBP高于（115±6）mmHg）]导致208.79万人死亡,占总死亡人数的22.78%;男性SBP[（131.15±18.73）mmHg]、归因于血压升高的死亡数（115.17万例）、死亡率（165.56/10万）、标化死亡率（106.97/10万）均高于女性[分别为（127.79±21.60）mmHg、93.62万例、141.99/10万和68.93/10万]。农村人群SBP[（130.25±20.66）mmHg]、归因死亡数（112.34万例）、归因死亡率（178.58/10万）和PAF（23.59%）均高于城市人群[分别为（128.58±19.77）mmHg、96.45万例、132.87/10万和21.54%];东、中、西部地区人群之间的SBP水平接近,归因死亡数、归因死亡率和PAF在中部地区最高,分别为76.58万例、179.93/10万和26.72%。2013年中国≥ 25岁人群血压升高导致的心血管病和慢性肾病死亡数为199.12万和9.66万,分别占心血管病总死亡数的52.31%和慢性肾病总死亡数的62.11%。血压升高导致疾病死亡数最多的前3种疾病是缺血性心脏病（66.56万例）、出血性脑卒中（53.31万例）和缺血性脑卒中（35.93万例）。若消除血压升高因素影响,人均期望寿命可平均增加2.86岁,其中女性增加数量高于男性（分别为3.07和2.64岁）,中部地区人群高于东西部地区人群（分别为3.48、2.56和2.58岁）,农村人群高于城市（分别为2.97和2.59岁）。结论 2013年中国人群血压升高对死亡和期望寿命造成严重影响。     

2013年中国25岁及以上人群水果摄入不足的归因死亡分析

目的 分析2013年我国≥ 25岁人群归因于水果摄入不足的死亡情况及其对期望寿命的影响。方法 利用2013年中国慢性病及其行为危险因素监测调查数据计算分性别和地区的水果摄入量,采用潜在影响分值（PIF）分析归因于水果摄入不足的相关疾病死亡数、死亡率及对期望寿命的影响情况。结果 2013年,我国≥ 25岁人群的水果摄入量平均为（113.3±168.9）g/d[男性为（103.6±160.1）g/d,女性为（122.7±176.6）g/d）],城市居民的水果摄入量明显高于农村地区,东部地区高于中部和西部地区;总死因中的15.21%是由于水果摄入不足造成的,水果摄入不足对相关疾病的PIF均约为35.00%。农村地区（16.50%）全死因的PIF高于城市地区（13.88%）,东部（15.48%）及中部（16.27%）全死因的PIF高于西部地区（13.75%）;归因于水果摄入不足导致死亡数约为134.84万,相关疾病死亡数依次为缺血性心脏病（47.25万）、出血性中风（33.88万）、缺血性中风（25.90万）、肺癌（20.84万）、食管癌（6.07万）、喉癌（0.54万）和口腔癌（0.36万）;城市的全死因及相关疾病的归因死亡数明显低于农村地区,中部地区的全死因归因死亡数（45.27万）高于东部（53.11万）及西部地区（36.46万）,我国因水果摄入不足造成期望寿命损失1.73岁（男性损失1.80岁,女性损失1.58岁）,农村高于城市,中部高于东部和西部地区。结论 我国水果摄入量与推荐标准相差甚远,水果摄入不足导致相关疾病的PIF较高,且对居民期望寿命的影响较为严重。     

1990年与2013年中国人群白血病疾病负担分析

目的 分析1990年与2013年中国人群白血病的疾病负担及其变化情况。方法 利用中国分省疾病负担研究结果,分析和比较1990年与2013年全国白血病的发病、死亡情况及伤残调整寿命年(DALY)、过早死亡损失寿命年(YLL)和伤残损失寿命年(YLD)。描述2013年各省份白血病标化死亡率及与1990年相比白血病标化死亡率的变化情况。结果 2013年中国人群白血病标化发病率为6.70/10万,标化死亡率为4.05/10万,较1990年分别降低8.84%和36.22%。2013年白血病标化DALY率、标化YLL率分别为174.58/10万和170.42/10万,较1990年分别下降44.68%和45.32%。2013年白血病标化YLD率为4.16/10万,与1990年相比,升高6.94%。年龄别数据显示,2013年,35岁以下人群因白血病死亡人数占因癌症死亡总数的比例高于10%,5岁以下儿童白血病DALY率最高,为317.61/10万。2013年与1990年相比,各省份人群白血病标化死亡率均出现下降,2013年白血病标化死亡率最高的前3个省份为新疆(4.72/10万)、宁夏(4.56/10万)和福建(4.50/10万)。结论 中国人群白血病标化发病率、死亡率、DALY率和YLL率下降,但YLD率升高,儿童、青少年因白血病死亡占因癌症死亡的构成比较高。各省份白血病标化死亡率均下降,但仍存在差异。